3D finite element non linear analysis on the stress state at bone-implant interface in dental osteointegrated implants

Purposes. The aim of the study was to assess by means a 3D finite element linear and non-linear analysis mechanical interaction between an implant-supported crown and surrounding tissues. Materials and methods. A three-dimensional FEM model was developed. Four different material combinations for the abutment and the core were evaluated: Y-TZP - Y-TZP, Y-TZP - microhybrid composite, T - microhybrid composite; T and Y-TZP. 250 N and 450 N loads over a 0,5 mm2 areas with different angles (0° and 45°) and locations were applied on the occlusal surface of the framework and the distribution of equivalent von Mises stress was investigated. Using the most critical scenario, the influence of the gradual failure of the cement layer, due to increasing load, on the bone –implant interface, were investigated. Results. The worst physiological loading condition was the one associated with a horizontal component (45°, 250 N). The 0°, 450 N load (relating to accidental or pathological condition) induced stress concentrations in the cortical bone comparable with those obtained for the tilted load, but with a greater extension to the cancellous bone. Y-TZP prosthetic elements determined minimum values of stress, due to vertical loads at the interface, while the microhybrid composite ones determined minimum stresses due to horizontal loads. Conclusion. Different material combinations for the abutment and the core influenced weakly the stress state at bone-implant interface, with a dependency closely related to the loading mode. The implant – prostheses system stress distribution depended on material choice. Furthermore progressive 45° loads with the gradual failure of the cement layer did not influence Von Mises stresses at bone-implant-interface.