Organizational models in robotica assisted surgery

The development and diffusion of minimally-invasive surgery has been possible due to the application of new technologies, including robotics, which has only recently been introduced in this field. The aim of the study was to propose a series of guidelines regarding the organizational and didactic requirements for ensuring high operative standards for the diffusion of robotic surgery. Problems concerning installation of the robotic system, disposition of the operating room, and standardization of surgical procedures are discussed. To exemplify these aspects, the phases of a robotic cholecystectomy are described. The essential requirements for the creation of training and research centers for robotic surgery are outlined. In addition, the ideal course of training for the surgeon of the third millennium is delineated. In the near future, robotic technique is destined to play an increasingly important role, both in general surgery and in the surgical specialties. The development of special centers for the diffusion and teaching of robotic surgery, therefore, is an objective to be pursued.