Space-time Distribution of Radon-222 from Groundwater-Streamflow-Atmosphere Interactions in the Karst Systems of the Campania Region (Southern Italy)

Karst systems provide 25% of the drinking water resources to the world‘s population and sustain aquatic life in most fluvial eco-systems. In contrast, the singular process of aquifer recharge, the particular mechanism of subterranean pathway and the complex interactions between surface and groundwater make these systems highly variable in space-time hydrological behaviour and vulnerable to contamination and pollution. In order to provide a useful approach to integrate traditional approach at the above problem resolution, this chapter describes the findings from Radon-222 activity concentration monitoring data from stream-flow and in-stream springs measurement in typical Mediterranean karst landscapes. The study areas which concern are located in the protected area of the Campania region (Southern Italy), primarily in the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park- European Geopark and Regional Park of Picentini Mnt and surrounding. In these protected areas, the management of the relevant water resources requires adequate groundwater assessment by performing hydro-geomorphological and hydrological modelling supporting planning tasks in water protection for domestic drinking use, riverine wildlife preservation and water quality maintenance in application of the European Water Framework Directive (EWFD).