Freedom of Scientific Research in the European Research Area: Weaknesses and Strengths

The European Research Area (ERA), as conceived since its foundation, continues to develop as a parallel system that works alongside national policies on scientific research. This paper analyses some of the main strengths and weaknesses of ERA, also in the light of the preview of the latest Framework Programme (Horizon Europe). Twenty years since the launch of ERA, it can be observed that some member states, such as Italy, exploit European programmes while underfunding scientific research, whereas others, such as Germany, use ERA to complement internal policy. Insufficient concern for social aspects and the rights of researchers shown by ERA threatens the effectiveness of European Commission efforts.