Life cycle and economic assessment on different utilization and treatment strategies of combustion and incineration residues

Combustion and incineration residues are disposed of in large quantities in landfills, but there is an increasing effort to recover and recycle them without harming the environment. In spite of this, many residues can contain potentially hazardous chemicals, and they may need to be treated before being recycled or reused. A discussion of the environmental and economic benefits of combustion and incineration residues recycling and resource recovery, including fly and bottom ashes from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI FA, MSWI BA), fly and bottom ashes from coal incineration (CFA, CBA), ground granulated blast furnace slags (GGBS), biomass ashes (BIOA), sewage sludge ashes (SSA), and co-combustion ashes (CCA) will be presented in this chapter. A focus will also be placed on the main limitations of the treatments and applications.