Paralympic athletes and digital activism: opportunities and perspectives

Over the past two decades, many Paralympic athletes have emerged from a state of “social invisibility” and established themselves as prominent figures in digital activism. This shift is largely due to the rapid proliferation and widespread use of social media platforms among the general population. For Paralympic athletes in particular, these platforms are an important tool for raise their voices and sensitising the public. However, they also carry the risk of reinforcing a heroic and idealised representation of disability that does not always reflect the everyday experiences of most people with disabilities. The educational influence of Paralympic athletes on school-age children and young people will be a particular focus. Their narratives and activities, communicated through social media and sports initiatives, help to raise awareness of issues such as inclusion, empathy and appreciation of difference among younger generations. This study uses digital ethnography to explore the socialisation processes, inclusive practises and identity symbols conveyed by Paralympic athletes on their social media platforms. Among these athletes, Bebe Vio has emerged as a prominent Italian athlete and influencer who uses her visibility to advance social policy and promote inclusion in sport. She founded the Bebe Vio Academy, an inclusive sports academy for children and young people aged 6 to 18 that supports people with and without physical disabilities. Projects of this kind are concrete proof of how sport can serve as an effective educational tool that overcomes stereotypes and promotes a culture of diversity from an early age. This paper presents a critical analysis of Paralympic athletes’ digital activism and examines its potential, limitations and educational impact. Furthermore, it offers insights into possible future collaborations between athletes, academic institutions and social organisations to create synergies and strategies that promote a more inclusive representation of disability and overcome dominant narratives.