Vernacular Rural Architecture with Extradosed Vaults. Case Studies from the Inland Areas of Southern Italy

This paper examines rural dwellings characterized by extradosed vaults, a vernacular architectural typology prevalent throughout the Mediterranean basin. From the Berber ghorfas to coastal residences, and from rural complexes in the Vesuvian area to the traditional structures of the Sorrentine Peninsula, this architectural form has a rich history. While often associated with coastal regions, this typology also manifests inland, as demonstrated by the municipality of Santa Maria a Vico in the Caserta hinterland. Here, many surviving examples- despite frequent alterations - retain essential original features, shedding light on a broader, often overlooked diffusion of this architectural tradition. These structures typically consist of load-bearing masonry walls made from local limestone and vaulted roofs, with the extrados frequently visible. Arranged in south-facing rows, their layouts commonly include shared elements such as courtyards, cisterns, ovens, and rainwater harvesting systems, which are vital in areas lacking natural springs, reflecting a profound adaptation to local environmental conditions. This study focuses on several settlements within Santa Maria a Vico, evaluating their state of conservation through archival research, on-site inspections, as well as detailed metric and material surveys. This methodology has uncovered a wide range of transformations over time, including the enclosure of extradosed vaults and reconfigurations of internal spaces. Ultimately, the research aims to establish guidelines and best practices for interventions that not only preserve the physical integrity of these dwellings but also maintain the intangible heritage they represent - such as historical memory, cultural identity, and traditional construction techniques - while accommodating contemporary functional needs.