Non-Binary Gender Identity Discourse in International Assignments Research: A Systematic Literature Review

The extant literature oversimplifies the complexities of gender issues. Most current publications frame gender as a binary dichotomy. This reductive approach neglects the nuanced experiences of individuals across the LGBTQ+ spectrum, particularly in the context of international assignments. Non-binary gender identities remain poorly understood and insufficiently accepted in many cultural contexts; these identities generally refer to individuals whose gender lies between or beyond the traditional categories of male and female. Although global mobility discourse has increasingly begun to address gender-related concerns, it remains predominantly rooted in binary frameworks, with a primary focus on women’s experiences. This limited perspective overlooks the distinct challenges faced by non-binary expatriates, including legal discrimination, safety risks, and insufficient organisational support —especially in cultures where non-binary identities are criminalised. Through a systematic review of peer-reviewed management literature, this paper highlights the significant gaps in research: few studies explicitly address diverse gender identities, and even fewer incorporate non-binary perspectives into their findings. These results point to the pressing need for a paradigm shift in academic research. Future studies should transcend binary conceptualisations of gender and adopt a more inclusive lens for examining gender dynamics in international assignments. This paper advocates for integrating diverse perspectives into scholarly discussions, urging future studies to challenge the homogenisation of LGBTQ+ identities, embrace intersectionality, and empirically investigate the complexities of non-binary experiences. Such efforts are crucial for advancing cross-cultural adjustment, addressing institutional barriers, and contributing to a more inclusive and equitable global workplace.