Tra ordo rerum e ordo verborum. ‛Verità’ e ‛realtà’ nella letteratura teologica del primo secolo XII: tre casi esemplari (Oddone di Tournai, Guglielmo di Champeaux, Roscellino di Compiègne)

The thesis consists of three chapters and analyzes the texts of the most important doctrines of Odo of Tournai, William of Champeaux and Roscelin of Compiegne, who lived between the second half of the eleventh century and the first decades of the twelfth century. The first chapter analyses the curriculum studiorum between the eleventh and twelfth centuries, in which William was one of the pillars (columna doctorum) – according to his contemporaries and differently from the opinion of Abaelard. William emerges as a famous consistent magister with the aristotelic and boethian epistemological paradigm and with the augustinian exemplarism. In his teaching, William shows a Platonic vision of reality. The ratio, according to the logic, ascends from res to universal and he affirms that the principles of all, which are in divine Logos, descend into reality, as stated in theology. The second chapter is dedicated to Odo of Tournai and to the analysis of De original sin. It has a focus on the dialectical method used by the teacher to overcome philosophical and dogmatic difficulties, the doctrinal analysis of the topic of original sin, and the vocabulary and the structure of the same epistemological paradigm already highlighted in the previous chapter. The theatrical narration of Oddone of the debate between the different doctrines on the subject of original sin allows to get to the heart of a debate whose scope, in the imminent transition of paradigm, would not only theological, but above all epistemological. The third chapter talks about the analysis of the thought of Roscelin of Compiègne. The only text available to reconstruct the doctrine of Roscelin - a smear letter addressed to Abelard - and other significant documents describing the figure of a teacher who, despite using the same instrumentation of William and Odo, shows a radical distrust in the possibility that it can effectively describe reality, especially the theological truth. The thesis is a journey in a melieu cultural, philosophical and religious in which the ' truth ' had to be told through a mode as close as possible to that intended by God, in the best possible match between ordo rerum , ordo verborum and ordo idearum. [edited by Author]