Routine hospital operations may expose healthcare workers to a variety of chemical agents that are potentially hazardous for their safety and health. Occupational exposure in hospital settings can adversely affect health and quality of life of workers, and can be different based on the specific hospital department involved. In fact, depending on the work performed, chemical pollution may originate from multiple sources, such as the use of sterilizing agents, disinfectants, detergents, solvents, heavy metals, dangerous drugs and anesthetic gases. Chemical exposure can occur as an acute intoxication or be the result of chronic and prolonged exposure of workers, also at low doses of contaminants. It can lead to damage to the nervous, hematopoietic or reproductive systems and in specific cases, such as the exposure to antiblastic agents, may be related to the onset of neoplastic pathologies. All healthcare and service personnel, including laboratory technicians, cleaning and maintenance personnel, are potentially exposed to different types of chemicals every day. These substances, including drugs, are various in chemical nature and mechanism of action, with a wide range of harmful effects on organs and tissue. The problem of chemical risk for workers in hospitals has been recognized for over thirty years and different approaches are currently used to verify working conditions. In healthcare, the exposure of workers to chemical agents potentially harmful to health is regulated by specific legislation. Health surveillance, intended as the set of interventions to ensure workers safety in the hospital environment, must deal with the management of exposure and the assessment of potential health risks. Italian legislation provides that the employer is responsible for the protection of all workers from the undue effects of exposure to dangerous chemical agents ("Legislative Decree 9 April 2008, n. 81 Consolidated Law on Health and Safety at Work", published in the Ordinary Supplement no.108/L to the Official Gazette no.101 of 30 April 2008). The implementation of the regulatory framework requires the adaptation of technical and organizational measures. The improvement of prevention procedures and the constant monitoring of the presence and amount of potentially toxic substances, both in the workplace (environmental monitoring) and in workers biological fluids (biological monitoring), may significantly reduce the risk of exposure and contamination. In this framework, pharmacological and clinical research activities, which often involve the use of compounds or methodological procedures that may be harmful for the workers involved, should also be included. In this dissertation, methodological aspects for the detection and dosage of some of the most common chemical pollutants in healthcare settings and the related strategies used to improve the management of chemical risk in potentially contaminated environments are discussed.
Le procedure eseguite quotidianamente negli ambienti ospedalieri possono esporre gli operatori sanitari a diversi agenti chimici potenzialmente pericolosi per la loro sicurezza e salute. L’esposizione professionale in ambito ospedaliero può influire negativamente sulla salute e sulla qualità della vita dei lavoratori e può provenire da diverse fonti a seconda dello specifico reparto ospedaliero in qui il lavoratore è impiegato. Infatti, a seconda della mansione svolta, l'inquinamento chimico può avere molteplici origini, come l'uso di agenti sterilizzanti, disinfettanti, detergenti, solventi, metalli pesanti, farmaci pericolosi e gas anestetici. L'esposizione chimica può manifestarsi come conseguenza di una intossicazione acuta oppure essere il risultato di un'esposizione cronica e prolungata dei lavoratori, in tal caso anche a basse dosi di contaminanti. L’esposizione a questi agenti può provocare danni al sistema nervoso, ematopoietico o riproduttivo e, in casi specifici come l'esposizione ad agenti antiblastici, può essere correlato all'insorgenza di patologie neoplastiche. Tutto il personale in servizio nel Sistema Sanitario, compresi i tecnici di laboratorio, il personale addetto alle pulizie e alla manutenzione, è potenzialmente esposto ogni giorno a diversi tipi di sostanze chimiche. Queste sostanze, compresi i farmaci, sono diverse per natura chimica e meccanismo d'azione, con un'ampia gamma di effetti dannosi su organi e tessuti. Il problema del rischio chimico per i lavoratori degli ospedali è noto da oltre trent'anni e attualmente vengono utilizzati diversi approcci per verificare le condizioni di lavoro. In ambito sanitario, l’esposizione dei lavoratori ad agenti chimici potenzialmente dannosi per la salute è regolata da una normativa specifica. La sorveglianza sanitaria, intesa come l'insieme degli interventi volti a garantire la sicurezza dei lavoratori in ambiente ospedaliero, deve occuparsi della gestione dell'esposizione e della valutazione dei potenziali rischi per la salute. La normativa italiana indica il datore di lavoro come responsabile della protezione di tutti i lavoratori dagli effetti indebiti dell'esposizione ad agenti chimici pericolosi (“Decreto legislativo 9 aprile 2008, n. 81 Testo unico sulla salute e sicurezza sul lavoro”, pubblicato nel Supplemento ordinario n.108/L alla G.U. n.101 del 30 aprile 2008). L’attuazione del vigente quadro normativo richiede l’adeguamento delle misure tecniche e organizzative. Il miglioramento delle procedure di prevenzione e il monitoraggio costante della presenza e della quantità di sostanze potenzialmente tossiche, sia negli ambienti di lavoro (monitoraggio ambientale) che nei fluidi biologici dei lavoratori (monitoraggio biologico), possono ridurre significativamente il rischio di esposizione e contaminazione. In questo contesto vanno inserite anche le attività di ricerca farmacologica e clinica, che spesso comportano l'utilizzo di sostanze o procedure metodologiche che possono risultare dannose per i lavoratori esposti. In questo lavoro di tesi vengono discussi gli aspetti metodologici per la rilevazione e la quantificazione di alcuni dei più comuni inquinanti chimici in ambito sanitario e le relative strategie utilizzate per migliorare la gestione del rischio chimico in ambienti potenzialmente contaminati.
Development, validation and real life applicability of new bioanalytical methods in the assessment and prevention of chemical risk in healthcare environments / Bruno Charlier - Università degli Studi di Salerno. , 2024 May 14. XXXV ciclo. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2021-2022.
Development, validation and real life applicability of new bioanalytical methods in the assessment and prevention of chemical risk in healthcare environments
CHARLIER, Bruno
2024
Abstract
Routine hospital operations may expose healthcare workers to a variety of chemical agents that are potentially hazardous for their safety and health. Occupational exposure in hospital settings can adversely affect health and quality of life of workers, and can be different based on the specific hospital department involved. In fact, depending on the work performed, chemical pollution may originate from multiple sources, such as the use of sterilizing agents, disinfectants, detergents, solvents, heavy metals, dangerous drugs and anesthetic gases. Chemical exposure can occur as an acute intoxication or be the result of chronic and prolonged exposure of workers, also at low doses of contaminants. It can lead to damage to the nervous, hematopoietic or reproductive systems and in specific cases, such as the exposure to antiblastic agents, may be related to the onset of neoplastic pathologies. All healthcare and service personnel, including laboratory technicians, cleaning and maintenance personnel, are potentially exposed to different types of chemicals every day. These substances, including drugs, are various in chemical nature and mechanism of action, with a wide range of harmful effects on organs and tissue. The problem of chemical risk for workers in hospitals has been recognized for over thirty years and different approaches are currently used to verify working conditions. In healthcare, the exposure of workers to chemical agents potentially harmful to health is regulated by specific legislation. Health surveillance, intended as the set of interventions to ensure workers safety in the hospital environment, must deal with the management of exposure and the assessment of potential health risks. Italian legislation provides that the employer is responsible for the protection of all workers from the undue effects of exposure to dangerous chemical agents ("Legislative Decree 9 April 2008, n. 81 Consolidated Law on Health and Safety at Work", published in the Ordinary Supplement no.108/L to the Official Gazette no.101 of 30 April 2008). The implementation of the regulatory framework requires the adaptation of technical and organizational measures. The improvement of prevention procedures and the constant monitoring of the presence and amount of potentially toxic substances, both in the workplace (environmental monitoring) and in workers biological fluids (biological monitoring), may significantly reduce the risk of exposure and contamination. In this framework, pharmacological and clinical research activities, which often involve the use of compounds or methodological procedures that may be harmful for the workers involved, should also be included. In this dissertation, methodological aspects for the detection and dosage of some of the most common chemical pollutants in healthcare settings and the related strategies used to improve the management of chemical risk in potentially contaminated environments are discussed.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


