Effects of two-site composite excitations in the Hubbard model

The electronic states of the Hubbard model are investigated by use of the composite operator method. In addition to the Hubbard operators, two other operators related with two-site composite excitations are included in the basis. Within the present formulation, higher-order composite excitations are reduced to the chosen operatorial basis by means of a procedure preserving the particle-hole symmetry. The positive comparison with numerical simulations for the double occupancy indicates that such approximation improves over the two-pole approximation. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.