Aim: To verify the root canal treatment quality performed by dental school students with NiTi instrument in reciprocating motion. Methodology: 18 patients were enrolled and 28 root canals were shaped and sealed by reciprocating NiTi Instruments (WaveOne — Maillefer — Baillegues — SUI) and pre-heated guttapercha (Thermafill-Maillefer — Baillegues — SUI). Radiographs were taken before, during and at the end of the endodontic treatment. Results: Root fillings length was adequate in 26 of the 28 root canals evaluated (92,86%). 19 of them (73,08%) presented an extrusion of the endodontic sealer. No instrument breakage was reported. Conclusions: In this very preliminar study, undergraduate students’ use of NiTi instruments in reciprocating motion might be a suitable alternative to traditional root canal therapy with low incidence of adverse effects.