MMP-7 is a highly specific negative marker for benign and malignant mesothelial cells in serous effusions

The aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic role of MMP-7 in effusion cytology. Effusions (n = 356), consisting of 307 carcinomas (184 ovarian, 55 breast, 32 lung, 36 carcinomas of other origin) and 49 malignant mesotheliomas, were analyzed for MMP-7 expression using immunohistochemistry. MMP-7 was expressed in 124/307 (40%) carcinomas and was uniformly absent in malignant mesotheliomas (0/49; 0%; P <.001). Reactive mesothelial cells were similarly MMP-7 negative in all carcinoma specimens. In carcinomas, expression was most frequent in tumors of ovarian and other female genital (cervical and endometrial) origin (P <.001). The sensitivity and specificity of this marker in the differential diagnosis between high-grade serous carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma were 46% and 100%, respectively. In conclusion, MMP-7 expression is highly specific, though only of moderate sensitivity, for the diagnosis of carcinoma in the differential diagnosis from both benign and malignant mesothelial cells.