Vehicle electrification: A further variable toward integrated intelligent energy systems

Electrification of transportation creates the premises for a strong interaction with the electric grid and the energy system management. While the need of fast and diffuse recharging clashes with the present infrastructure and topology of the grid, the possibility of modulating car recharge and, mainly, of managing the capacity of batteries in both electric vehicle and plug-in hybrid vehicles within the V2G framework offers opportunities, creating a bridge between mobility, electric grid and energy systems. The paper offers a large view on these new trends, with emphasis on the Demand-Response (DR) management systems and on the possible impact on vehicle and powertrain control.