Accountability through intellectual capital disclosure in Italian Universities

Italian public universities in their annual reports and to identify and examine its drivers. An empirical analysis of annual reports of Italian public universities for the year 2014 is conducted through content analysis. The information retrieved from this forms the basis for regression analysis (OLS model) to relate the disclosure index to its drivers which include governance features, financial performance and control variables. The empirical analysis shows that human and internal (organisational) capital are the most disclosed categories of intellectual capital. The results also show that board independence and university size positively affect ICD in Italian public universities. The methodology adopted in this study could be replicated for other countries to obtain a better understanding of how ICD can help meet stakeholder information needs. The results provide a useful basis for further investigation into ICD drivers and influences and may also enable regulators and standard setters to better understand and regulate IC practices in universities.