Emergy-based eco-credit accounting method for wetland mitigation banking

Many nations are taking measures to address the negative impacts of development projects in order to achieve the goal of No Net Loss (NNL) of ecosystem services. It still faces the most fundamental and critical problem— the unified accounting of ecosystem service. To address this problem, we conducted an emergy-based ecosystem service assessment to tackle the challenges and obstacles of current accounting methods and established a new accounting framework to provide a unified measurement for ecosystem service marketing. We adopted the Credit-Debit method of wetland mitigation banking and the emergy-based method to evaluate the ecosystem services of 82 ecological projects. The results have shown that: (1) The emergy-based credit covers more types of ecosystem services, and shows advantages in terms of objectivity, accuracy, dynamic monitoring, and generalization; (2) The new accounting method can provide cross-scale and cross-type ecosystem service; (3) The Em-credit helps to promote the trans-regional eco-bank system in a large scale and at multiple levels, and it can improve the effective supervision and predict the eco-bank in a long period.