Emerging ethical challenges in healthcare in the 21st century

The progress of science and medicine is unabating and moves with a rapidity that threatens to outstrip our current ethical models and legal protections. Topics which were once confined to the realms of science fiction are now becoming integral to modern scientific practice. This article will examine 3 such topics; genetic testing, gene therapies and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The current and potential future roles of these subjects in academic and clinical practice will be highlighted following which it will explore our current ethical understanding of these areas and highlight where these new technologies surpass our current ethical systems and require new ethical and legal tools to eval- uate and regulate them.