Real-time gait biometrics for surveillance applications: A review

Deep learning (DL) pipelines have evolved for over a decade now and are efficient at solving many challenging problems of image and signal processing applications. Designing deep learning pipelines for a particular application requires a good understanding of deep learning and various intermediate layers available. To develop a DL pipeline, one uses available dataset(s) suitable for an application, and the pipeline is refined by iterating over intermediate layers. A large amount of time and extensive thinking goes into these selections and validating the performance of each configuration. Thus, it is hard to choose the correct and robust DL pipeline that performs well on all relevant datasets. This review aims to aid researchers in understanding different gait sensing technologies and provide foundational knowledge of the deep learning concepts for faster solutions for a given problem. Gait recognition is more recent since it hasn't yet been used in a real-world situation. This article provides a comprehensive overview of gait biometrics suited to real-time surveillance applications. All the important parameters of deep learning pipelines are explained, along with their selection and implication for a given problem. Authors have reviewed important research articles recently on deep learning models and how these perform across different application datasets. The benefits and drawbacks of the approaches are elucidated to help arrive at the optimized pipeline derived from a fusion of available pipelines to achieve faster but accurate results for a given problem.