Investigating Human Factors Integration into DT-Based Joint Production and Maintenance Scheduling

The technological advances of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and the human-centricity objectives evidenced by Industry 5.0 (I5.0) are changing the traditional joint production and maintenance scheduling (JPMS) approaches. The new Digital Twin (DT) technology allows a real-time representation of the production system, favoring dynamic scheduling. At the same time, the relevance of research on human factors that deal with human interaction in productive environments to support workers’ safety, well-being, and performance is increasing. Through a Systematic literature review (SLR), this study aims to characterize the literature on DT-based JPMS and investigate how human factors can be integrated into a DT for JPMS. A classification scheme that reflects essential features of studies in this domain distinguishing human-related characteristics was proposed. As a review results, it was identified that studies on DT-based JPMS still consider a few human aspects: dual resource production environment, workforce scheduling, rescheduling due to worker absence, and definition of stochastic parameters considering human influence. Consequently, a framework has been proposed to provide some initial inputs for future research on DT-based JPMS supporting worker safety, well-being, and productivity.