Estimation of the Electric Capacity to Support Grid Ancillary Services Using Electric Vehicles

IoT technologies have revolutionized two-way communication between electric vehicles (EVs) and power grids, unlocking new possibilities for real-time tracking of charging patterns, connection times, and energy usage. This data enables the development of smart algorithms capable of forecasting how many EVs are linked to the grid at any given time. Such predictions, in turn, allow parked EVs' batteries to serve as a distributed resource for grid support services, following the crowd balancing approach-where collaboratively managed EV batteries help stabilize the power network. User cooperation offers a practical and efficient way to share the responsibility for grid reliability while enhancing overall power quality, ultimately benefiting the entire community. The study specifically confirms that available capacity for ancillary services can be reliably estimated based on plugged-in EV connectivity trends, proving the technical viability of this energy-sharing model for fast frequency regulation.