Overview of Temperature Sensor Technologies for Safe Lithium-Ion Batteries

The greatest challenge of the high-energy density lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is the safety issues related to elevated temperature that leads to fire and explosion. Beside the development of safe chemistries for Li-ion batteries, prognosis and diagnosis of thermal safety risk (TSR) properly could prevent catastrophic explosions in Li-ion batteries. Temperature sensors are a key element for a precise measurement of the temperature and predict TSR enough in advance. Therefore the goal of this paper is to provide an overview of temperature sensor technologies used in Li-ion batteries. Different temperature sensor types such as electric and optic are surveyed which have been used in internal and external sensing of the battery cells and packs. Moreover, power electronics peculiarities for protection and monitoring are addressed. The outcome of this paper can be used as a guideline for selecting suitable temperature sensors for safe Li-ion batteries.