Examining Plasma Assisted Combustion in Space Propulsion: Experimental Framework and Preliminary Design Guidelines

Plasma Assisted Combustion (PAC) is a promising technology for enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of propulsion systems by improving chemical processes within combustors. While extensively studied in aeronautical and terrestrial applications, the implementation of PAC in space propulsion systems remains fragmented. Researchers have explored various approaches to integrate PAC into rocket combustors, including fuel reforming, flame profile modification and reaction advancement, lean limit expansion, and the mitigation of combustion instabilities. Despite this interest, a cohesive framework and robust experimental foundation are still lacking in this domain. The present study aims to investigate this potential by reviewing existing knowledge and developing preliminary design guidelines for lab-scale PAC rocket systems. The objectives and functionalities of such an apparatus are defined and supported by an evaluation of relevant studies. Critical factors for research and design are identified, including the selection of an appropriate plasma generator and diagnostic tools for characterizing physical and chemical processes within the combustor. These considerations are integrated with established design principles for rocket propulsion systems and plasma devices to create a cohesive framework. Emphasis is placed on manufacturability, robustness, and the balance between measurement precision and practical constraints inherent to experimental setups. To exemplify the described guidelines, a design solution is proposed herein. Particular attention is given to diagnostic techniques and their alignment with specific research goals, ensuring that the system supports a comprehensive investigation of the processes involved. The conclusion of this study showcases the importance of PAC as a technological frontier still largely unexplored in the field of space propulsion. This preliminary research not only provides a solid foundation for developing an effective experimental apparatus but also represents a crucial step toward understanding the physical and chemical processes that could transform the design of future propulsion systems.