Battery second-life for dedicated and shared energy storage systems supporting EV charging stations

Power systems are facing increasing strain due to the worldwide diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs). The need for charging stations (CSs) for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in urban and private parking areas (PAs) is becoming a relevant issue. In this scenario, the use of energy storage systems (ESSs) could be an effective solution to reduce the peak power request by CSs in PAs to the grid. Moreover, II-Life battery modules are a potential approach for cutting costs and implementing sustainable solutions. We propose a method to size ESSs coupled to CSs by using II-Life battery modules. Our methodology is based on the estimation of the residual cycles and the decrease in the supplied power due to the battery aging for defining the number of EV battery packs required for an ESS use case. Then, economic evaluations are presented to compare II-Life with the equivalent I-Life storage system.