MILP Optimization model for assessing the participation of distributed residential PV-battery systems in ancillary services market

A novel non-linear stochastic method based on a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization model is proposed to optimally manage a high number of photovoltaic (PV)-battery systems for the provision of up and down regulation in the ancillary services market. This method, considers both the technical constraints of the power system, and those of the equipment used by all the prosumers. This allows an aggregator of many residential prosumers endowed with photovoltaic (PV)-battery systems to evaluate the baseline of the aggregate by minimizing the costs related to the electrical energy absorbed from the grid and then to assess the up and down flexibility curves with relative offer prices. As confirmed by simulation results carried out considering different realistic case studies, the method can effectively be used by an aggregator to evaluate the economic impact of its participation in the ancillary services market, both for the aggregator and for its prosumers.