A resilience-oriented planning of energy hub by considering demand response program and energy storage systems

Energy hub systems meet the needs of customers in different forms of energy by coordinated operation of different infrastructures, thereby improving system flexibility, reducing losses and reducing operating costs. Due to the increase in the construction of energy hub systems in distribution networks, the issue of optimal design of energy hubs has attracted much attention. Therefore, this study presents a comprehensive model for hub design, in which the technical, economic and security criteria of the hub are fully considered. In the proposed model, the design problem is solved by considering all the operating constraints and seasonal variations of different loads and solar radiation are also taken into account. Uncertainties of electrical, heating and cooling loads as well as the output power of photovoltaic (PV) panels have been considered and in order to model these uncertainties, Monte Carlo simulation approach has been utilized. Besides, in order to improve the resilience of the hub in case of emergency conditions, uncertainties related to the outage of the equipment have been considered in the design problem. The design problem is modeled as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization problem and the simulation results indicate that considering the uncertainties of equipment outages along with the load and radiation, despite a 26.51% increase in investment cost, leads to a significant improvement in hub resilience under emergency conditions. Also, the results demonstrate that the implementation of the demand response (DR) program has reduced the demand for power during peak hours, thereby reducing the installed capacity of the combined heat and power (CHP) unit.