Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3 and Al2O3/TiB2 Ceramics Consolidated by Plasma Pressure Compaction

Alumina oxide ceramics were produced by plasma pressure compaction (P2C) sintering process. Two types of pure α-alumina (Al2O3) and a mixture of alumina and titanium diboride (TiB2) powders were used as starting materials. Microstructure and mechanical properties, namely hardness, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness, were analyzed and correlated to the type of the sintered powders and the adopted manufacturing route. The microstructural development and the chemical composition variation induced by the sintering process were assessed by using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Nano-indentation and Chevron notch beam techniques were adopted to estimate the mechanical properties of the sintered ceramics. The conducted analyses show the capability of P2C technique to produce sound alumina ceramics. Pure alumina bulks exhibit a good level of compaction and mechanical properties close to those achievable with conventional sintering processes, such as hot isostatic pressing or spark plasma sintering. No significant alterations in the chemical composition of the ceramics were observed. The addition of the titanium diboride in the alumina powders caused a moderate increase in the grain size lowering the hardness and Young’s modulus of the sintered alumina and, at the same time, increased its fracture toughness to the occurrence of toughening mechanisms, like crack bridging and crack deflection.