Primary Anaplastic-Lymphoma-Kinase-Positive Large-Cell Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System: Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Background: Primary anaplastic-lymphoma-kinase (ALK)-positive large-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (PCNS ALK-positive ALCL) is a rare entity, with a limited consensus reached regarding its management. While this pathology often presents as solitary lesions, the occurrence of multiple tumors within the brain is not uncommon. The lack of distinctive radiological features poses a diagnostic challenge, leading to delays in initiating targeted therapy. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search, identifying seventeen publications for qualitative analysis. Results: The management options and reported patient outcomes in the literature varied significantly, emphasizing the need for a patient-specific approach. The emergence of ALK-specific inhibitors represents a new frontier in this field, demonstrating promising results. Conclusion: PCNS ALK-positive ALCL necessitates a comprehensive understanding and optimized management strategies. A tailored therapeutic approach, integrating surgical intervention with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, appears pivotal in addressing this pathology. The implementation of a therapeutic protocol is anticipated for further advancement in this field.