Risk Mitigation in Building Design: Development of a Qualitative–Quantitative Model to Assess the Resilience of Buildings

The aim of the study is to develop a qualitative-quantitative assessment method to determine the resilience factor of buildings. The methodological structure is holistic, integrating different levels of indicators by cross-referencing the parameters of the Italian Minimum Environmental Criteria (CAM) technical specifications and the parameters of the building life cycle phases (LCA). The methodology involved the development of two models (CAM/LCA), which were applied to two case studies for validation: a first case study (multifunctional building) with a steel construction system, mainly dry-assembled; and a second case study (laboratory building) with a prefabricated concrete construction system. The results showed that the most resilient building is the multipurpose building, i.e., the one with a steel structure. The results obtained are consistent with scientific research in the field, highlighting the greater sustainability of the steel construction system compared to the reinforced concrete system. The models developed can be used both in the pre-operam and post-operam phases. In the first case, the assignment of dependencies to indicators defines the design guidelines, i.e., it directs professionals to adopt strategies that can have the maximum impact on achieving the initial objective (maximum resilience factor). In the post-operational phase, on the other hand, the models allow the resilience factor to be assessed at its current state, highlighting any particular critical issues and guiding operators toward possible improvement strategies.