Nooj Grammars and Cybersecurity: Possible Future Uses and Scenarios

According to the Italian Observatory of Digital Innovation, "Cybersecurity is the main digital investment priority in Italy, also thanks to the push of the PNRR and the guidance of the National Cybersecurity Agency. However, the relationship between spending on cybersecurity and GDP is 0.10%, still far from the other G7 countries: 67% of companies in Italy note an increase in attack attempts, 61% have increased their budget for IT security. In 53% of companies, there is a formalized Chief Information Security Officer. In 80% structured training plans on attack risks. Only a third of companies have methodologies for financial quantification of cyber risk. Cyber-attacks are continually increasing, with 1,141 serious incidents detected by Clusit in the first half of 2022 alone, +8.4% compared to the same period in 2021, and threats are increasingly also affecting critical infrastructures. In this context, 67% of companies note an increase in attack attempts and 14% have suffered tangible consequences following cyber incidents, such as service interruptions, delays in process operations or reputational damage.